In the heart of South Asia, beneath the vibrant culture and indomitable spirit of Pakistan, a dark reality persists: domestic and gender-based violence. This harrowing issue transcends boundaries, casting a shadow over the lives of millions of women and children.
According to the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18, 28% of women aged 15-49 have endured physical violence since age 15, and 6% have faced sexual violence. Additionally, 34% of ever-married women have suffered from spousal violence in some form. These numbers, though alarming, likely underrepresent the true extent of the issue due to societal stigma and fear of reprisal, which often silences victims.
The roots of domestic and gender-based violence in Pakistan are deeply entrenched in a complex web of cultural, economic, and social factors. At the core lies a patriarchal mindset that perpetuates gender inequality. Traditional roles confine women to subservient positions, with violence used as a tool for asserting male dominance. Financial dependence on male family members further exacerbates women’s vulnerability, as limited access to education and employment restricts their economic autonomy and ability to escape abusive situations. Societal norms and cultural taboos around discussing or reporting violence compound the issue, as victims fear ostracism, honor-based violence, or blame.
Despite legislative measures like the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act 2012, enforcement remains weak. Victims face significant barriers to accessing justice, including corruption, lack of awareness, and insensitivity within law enforcement and judicial systems.
The repercussions of domestic and gender-based violence ripple through society, leaving deep scars. Victims often endure severe physical injuries, chronic health issues, and mental trauma, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and suicidal tendencies. The economic burden of violence is substantial, encompassing medical expenses, legal costs, lost productivity, and the long-term impact on children who witness violence. Violence disrupts the social fabric, perpetuating cycles of abuse and hindering community cohesion. Children growing up in violent homes are more likely to become perpetrators or victims of violence in adulthood, and domestic violence often disrupts their education, leading to higher dropout rates and perpetuating the cycle of poverty and violence.
To address this pervasive issue, Pakistan must adopt a multifaceted approach. Legal reforms,implementation of existing laws and introducing more stringent measures to protect victims and prosecute perpetrators. Economic empowerment of women through education, vocational training, microfinance programs, and support for female entrepreneurship can foster independence and resilience. Public awareness campaigns and educational programs must challenge patriarchal norms and promote gender equality, incorporating gender sensitization and conflict resolution into school curriculum. Strengthening support services, including shelters, counseling, and legal aid, is essential, with community-based organizations and NGOs playing pivotal roles. Engaging men and boys as allies in the fight for equality, promoting positive masculinity, and challenging toxic gender norms can foster a culture of respect and non-violence. Comprehensive data collection and research are vital to understand the scope of the issue and inform effective interventions.
The fight against domestic and gender-based violence in Pakistan is a long and arduous journey, but it is a battle that must be fought with unwavering determination. Every statistic represents a life scarred, a dream shattered, and a potential unfulfilled. The timeto break the silence, challenge the norms, and build a society where every individual can live with dignity, free from fear and violence.
